Figures

Graphics

Figures are denoted by \begin{figure} and \end{figure}. They are automatically placed to fit the page.

The package graphicx is for including images. The next code includes the image whose filename is fig1.png or fig1.jpg.

\usepackage{graphicx}

...

\begin{figure}
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{fig1}
    \caption{An example of including an image.} % The caption is optional
\end{figure}

For file organization, store images in a subdirectory with the command \graphicspath.

\graphicspath{{figs}}

The package TikZ is for making figures directly in LaTeX. It can draw just about anything.

\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}
    \draw (0,0) node[below]{$A$}
    -- (3,0) node[below]{$B$}
    -- (1.5,4) node[above]{$C$}
    -- cycle;
    \draw[dashed] (1.5,0) node[below]{$D$} -- (1.5, 4);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}

Tables

Tables are denoted by \begin{table} and \end{table}. Similarly to figures, they are automatically placed to fit the page. The command \hline draws a horizontal line. In a row, each column is separated by an ampersand &. And, each row is separated by a newline character \\. Each row must have the same number of columns, and this must match repetitions of c in the tabular environment. Each vertical line | in c|c|c draws vertical lines between columns. An entry can be blank.

\begin{table}
    \centering
    \caption{Example Table}
    \begin{tabular}{c|c|c}
        Column 1 & Column 2 & Column 3 \\ \hline
        A & B & C \\ \hline
        D & E & F \\ \hline
        G & H & I \\
    \end{tabular}
\end{table}